View source for RCAF Station Sydney

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'''RCAF Station Sydney''' (1953-1993) - A [[Cold War]] Canadian Radar Station established during the [[Korean War]]. Located near Sydney, Nova Scotia. Initially assigned a Site ID of C-34, then a Sage ID of C-34, and later a JSS ID of R-02. First operated as [[RCAF Station Sydney]] and in 1967 as [[CFS Sydney]] reflecting the integration of the Canadian Forces. The station itself was deactivated in 1993 and then transitioned into operation as [[Canadian Coastal Radar Site Sydney]] with a minimally attended [[FPS-117]] radar that is still operational there.
== History ==
RCAF Station Sydney opened on 15 Mar 1953 and became operational in April 1954 as RCAF Station Sydney manned by the Canadian 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF). The station was initially funded and constructed by the U.S. Government but operated by Canadian forces. In June 1961, the Canadian government assumed full financial responsibilities of RCAF Station Sydney under the Triangular Agreement.

Initial equipment included the [[FPS-3]] search radar and a [[FPS-6]] height-finder radar. In 1961, the FPS-3 search radar was replaced by a [[FPS-27]] Frequency Diversity (FD) radars, and one [[FPS-26|FPS-26A]] FD height-finder was added.

In 1986 the [[FPS-27]] Search Radar was replaced by the [[FPS-508]]. On 1 Apr 1990 the [[FPS-26|FPS-26A]] Height Finder radar was shut down. The current FPS-117 minimally attended radar has been in place since 1991 and presumably, the FPS-508 radar was removed as the CFS Sydney shut down between 1990 and 1993.

== Manual System Operation ==
On 15 March 1953, the 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF) activated at RCAF Station Sydney, Nova Scotia. The squadron reported to the No. 2 Air Defence Control Centre (ADCC) in Chatham, New Brunswick. RCAF Station Sydney was connected to the ADCC via telephone circuits. Track data was passed from site operations via voice and teletype circuits. 

Operational control shifted to the Bangor Air Defense Sector and the new [[Topsham SAGE Direction Center DC-05]] established at Bangor Maine in 1958. Operations continued in the manual mode until the SAGE annex at RCAF Station Sydney was completed and the new equipment was installed and checked out.

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== [[SAGE System]] Transition ==
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== [[SAGE System]] Operation ==
<!--
[[File:.jpg|795px|thumb|center|Former Topsham SAGE Direction Center DC-05]]
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" align="center"
|+ RCAF Station Sydney SAGE Direction Centers & Sectors
|-
! Assigned
! Direction Center
! Sector
|-
| ...... - ..... || [[Topsham SAGE Direction Center DC-05]] || Bangor Air Defense Sector
-->
The site began operation as an automatic [[SAGE System]] site on 15 Sep 1962 initially feeding the [[Topsham SAGE Direction Center DC-05]].  <!--The squadron designation was changed from the 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF) to 221 Radar Squadron (SAGE) indicating the new [[SAGE System]] role.-->

The [[Topsham SAGE Direction Center DC-05]] closed in 1969 and it is unclear where operational control of CFS Sydney shifted as the SAGE System constricted. The Canadian [[North Bay SAGE Direction Center DC-31]] came online in 1963 and lasted until July 1983 so it is assumed that the site was connected to that direction center as well as the [[Hancock SAGE Direction Center DC-03]] which also lasted until 1983.

As the [[SAGE System]] closed down in 1983 and transitioned to the [[JSS System]], CFS Sydney became a part of the [[Canada East ROCC]] located in North Bay and presumably the [[Griffiss (ROCC)]] located at Rome, New York. 

On 1 Aug 1986 the [[FPS-27]] Search Radar was shut down and then replaced by an [[FPS-508]] search radar. On 1 Apr 1990, the [[FPS-26|FPS-26A]] Height-Finder radar was shut down.

== CFS Sydney Closure ==
CFS Sydney shut down between 1990 and 1993 and completed the transition to the much smaller [[Canadian Coastal Radar Site Sydney]] with a minimally attended [[FPS-117]] radar set.  The FPS-117 was installed on the old [[FPS-27]] tower in 1991.

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== Physical Plant ==
The physical plant of the site was divided into the main site, a cantonment area, a housing area, and a radio site. The main site housed the operations buildings, the radar towers, and the backup generators. The cantonment area housed the enlisted barracks, the bachelor officer's quarters, the orderly room, the dining hall, the motor pool, and other support buildings. Apart from the main site was a small 9/27 unit housing area for married personnel. 

A separate radio site housed the radio equipment for directing aircraft intercepts. {{GATRSite|AFS=RCAF Station Sydney}}
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==Context==

{{Location|CFS Station Sydney in Sydney, Nova Scotia.|46.1675|-60.16444|279}}

{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
|+ RCAF Station Sydney AFS Major Equipment List
|-
!Search Radar
!HF Radar
!Data Systems
!Comm
!Scopes
!IFF/SIF
|-
* [[FPS-3]]
* [[FPS-20]]
* [[FPS-508]]
* [[FPS-27|FPS-27A]]
* [[FPS-117]]
* [[FPS-6]]
* [[FPS-6|FPS-6B]]
* [[FPS-26|FPS-26A]]
* [[FST-2|FST-2/A/B]]
* [[FYQ-47]]
* [[GKA-5]]
* [[UPX-14]]
* [[GPA-124]]

{| class="wikitable" width="75%"
|+ Unit Designations
|-
* 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF)  (1953-1960)
* 221 Radar Squadron (SAGE) (1960-1993)

{| class="wikitable" width="75%"
|+ 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF) Assignments
|-
* 1 Aug 1953 - 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF)  
* 1960 - 221 Aircraft Warning Squadron (RCAF) redesignated 221 Radar Squadron (SAGE)
* 10 Aug 1967 - 221 Radar Squadron Sydney redesignated CFS Sydney, effective.

{{RCAFStationSydneyCmdrs}}

== Current Status ==
Now an unmanned Canadian Coastal Radar (CCR) site with a minimally attended [[FPS-117]] radar totally funded by Canada. This site occupies a small fenced compound around the original [[FPS-27]] tower which now holds the [[FPS-117]] radar. Other than this small compound most of the other CFS Sydney buildings have been removed or repurposed.

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<!-- {{#display_map:
46.1675,-60.16444~ CFS Station Sydney }} -->
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<!--* {{GPSLinkLong|Lat=lllll|Lon=ggggg}}-->
{{GPSLocation|Sydney Canadian Coastal Radar Site|46.1675|-60.16444}}
{{GPSLocation|Sydney GATR Site|46.172865|-60.175776}}

'''See Also:'''
* [[SAGE System]]
* [[Permanent System Radar Sites]]
* [[Pinetree Line]]
* [[US Radar Sets]]
* [[US Radio Sets]]
* [[Topsham SAGE Direction Center DC-05]]
* [[North Bay SAGE Direction Center DC-31]]
* [[Hancock SAGE Direction Center DC-03]]

'''Links:''' 
* [http://www.c-and-e-museum.org/Pinetreeline/site42.html C&E Museum - RCAF Station Sydney]
* [http://www.c-and-e-museum.org/Pinetreeline/misc/equip/misc12k.html C&E Museum - FPS-117]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFS_Sydney Wikipedia - RCAF Station Sydney]

[[Category:Nova Scotia Radar Sites]]
[[Category:Pinetree Line Radar Sites]]
[[Category:SAGE Sites]]
[[Category:FPS-3]]
[[Category:FPS-27]]
[[Category:FPS-508]]
[[Category:FPS-6]]
[[Category:FPS-26]]
[[Category:FST-2]]
[[Category:FYQ-47]]
[[Category:GKA-5]]
[[Category:UPX-14]]
[[Category:GPA-124]]
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