Ohlson Mountain Air Force Station

 (1958-1963) - A Cold War U.S. Air Force Station, part of the Alaska AC&W Radar Network. Initially functioned as a Ground Control Intercept (GCI) radar site, with a Permanent System ID of F-25. Located on the Kenai Peninsula south of Anchorage, approximately 5 miles north of Homer. One of two sites that could be accessed and supplied by road. Closed in 1963.

History
Construction began in June 1955 by Chris Berg, Inc. of Seattle, Washington under a $1,897,184 contract. The site became operational in March 1958 as Ohlson Mountain Air Force Station manned by the 937th AC&W Squadron which had been activated in 1957 to operate and maintain the site. Ohlson Mountain was not really a mountain (only 1,500') and the radar site occupied what is best described as a leveled-off ridge, with the radar site on one end and an Air-Ground radio site at the other end.

Initial radar equipment included an FPS-3A search radar and one FPS-6 height-finder radar. The FPS-3 was reportedly upgraded to a FPS-20A search radar in 1961-1962 (only one source indicated the presence of the FPS-20A).

Aircraft track data from these radars was manually plotted on plotting boards and passed to Manual Direction Centers on voice and teletype circuits. Intercepts of unidentified aircraft were conducted by local weapons controller teams.

The closure of Ohlson Mountain AFS was publically announced in the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner newspaper on 6 May 1963 and the site ceased operations on the 15th of May 1963. Closure and deactivation of the 937th AC&W Squadron were effective on 1 Oct 1963.

Physical Plant
Ohlson Mountain AFS was a single level site and most of the facilities were housed in a large two-story composite building. Other facilities included the two radar towers, the radio transmitter, and receiver buildings, storage and utility buildings.

The composite building was a large two-story structure with poured concrete foundation and wood-frame construction. Quarters were provided for 210 men. Additional functions included a radar operations room, central power/heating plant, garage, laundry, library, warehouse, dining room, headquarters, post exchange, mail room, NCO Club and officers' lounge. Two large enclosed radar towers on concrete supports were located adjacent to the composite building.

A gravel road connected the site to Homer where both airlift and sealift supplies and personnel could be landed and then transported to the radar site.

Air-Ground (A-G) Communications
Separate radio facilities housed the radio transmitter and receiver equipment for communicating with aircraft.

Diamond Ridge White Alice Communications Site
After High Frequency (HF) radio systems proved inadequate for command and control communications, the Air Force implemented the White Alice Communications System (WACS). This was a system of tropospheric scatter and microwave radio relay sites constructed during the mid-1950s to provide reliable communications to Alaska Air Command (AAC) AC&W system.

Ohlson Mountain AFS is listed as having a co-located White Alice terminal and the Diamond Ridge White Alice station was just four miles away. Construction was started on the Diamond Ridge combination tropo/microwave station in 1956 and the station opened on 30 Mar 1957. Facilities included a 6,100 square-foot equipment building, a 720 square-foot auto maintenance shop and a 45 square-foot water supply building. The equipment building houses the communications center, power generator, radio equipment, and operators rooms. Crew quarters were not provided and the military operators would have used the Ohlson Mountain AFS facilities until it closed in 1963. After 1963 both military and civilian operators would have been on the local economy at Homer.

Service between the Diamond Ridge WACS station and the Ohlson Mountain AFS (4 miles) was most probably by buried or aerial cable or both although a specific reference could not be found. The specific links from Diamond Ridge (DRJ) after the closure of the radar site and as/of July 1977 were:
 * TD2 Microwave to Starisky Creek (SOY) (14 Miles) 63' Antenna
 * VHF7 Radio to Starisky Creek (SOY) (14 Miles)
 * TR1 Tropo to Pillar Mountain (PMY) (135 miles) 2-60' Tropo Antennas
 * TR1 Tropo to Big Mountain (BMX) (128 miles) 2-60' Tropo Antennas

The Diamond Ridge WACS station was acquired by Alascom in 1983 and converted to a satellite ground station that remains operational today. The 60' billboard tropo antennas were removed but the foundations can still be seen in some satellite images.

Current Status
In December 1964, the General Services Administration (GSA) sold the Ohlson Mountain site to a private firm for $32,500. Part of the facility was leased to the Defense Nuclear Agency from 1965 to 1978. In 1985, the AC&W site was inspected and its facilities were found to be in poor condition. In 2005, the site was environmentally remediated and there is no longer any evidence of the site.

See Also:
 * Alaska Manual System Radar Sites
 * Permanent System Radar Sites
 * US Radar Sets

Sources:
 * , page 164-165.
 * , page 21, 65-66.
 * Top Cover and Global Engagement - A History of the Eleventh Air Force
 * , page 12.
 * HAER No. AK-23 - Rabbit Creek White Alice Site (Contains complete system description, see page 21)

Links:
 * Radomes - Ohlson Mountain Air Force Station
 * Wikipedia - Ohlson Mountain Air Force Station
 * Kodiak Alaska Military History - White Alice Communication System (July 1977 network sites)